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Evolutionary hypotheses of obesity origin
Dundr, Matěj ; Hora, Martin (advisor) ; Vážná, Anna (referee)
Obesity is a major social, ecological, economic and health problem of today's civilization. Humans evolved to adapt to a different environment than the one they live in today, had more exercise and consumed natural food sources. The imbalance in energy intake and expenditure that we observe in today's human populations is the most likely cause of obesity. However, this work will deal with a less discussed view of the origin of obesity, namely the possible explanation of the origin of obesity with evolutionary hypotheses. The work will also try to evaluate and discuss, based on a comparison of the available literature, whether these hypotheses could really clarify the origin of obesity at the global level. In the beginning of the thesis, we present the problem of obesity, its prevalence in the population and comorbidities associated with obesity. The next section describes the diagnosis of obesity, followed by a section on the history of obesity. The main part is devoted to the evolutionary hypotheses of obesity, namely the adaptation to frugality hypothesis, the genetic drift hypothesis and then other ecological- behavioral hypotheses and their evaluation. In conclusion, the work summarizes that the described hypotheses could be useful for clarifying the difference in obesity prevalence between...
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Monitoring of risk factors of civilization diseases in primary school teachers
Faber, Dominik ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to map the incidence of civilization diseases among elementary school teachers in Prague and the surrounding area. To find out what kind of knowledge they have about this topic and which risk factors of civilization diseases occur in them. The theoretical part mainly deals with different types of risk factors of civilization diseases. Among the most basic factors are insufficient physical activity, unhealthy nutrition, and stress. However, it also deals with other important risk factors. It also describes selected types of civilization diseases. In general, these are cardiovascular, oncological, and metabolic diseases. In the practical part, research was conducted at 5 schools in Prague and the surrounding area. The research was focused on primary school teachers. The research was carried out in the form of a self-inquiry survey. 60 primary school teachers filled out the survey. The result is that the most basic risk factors for civilization diseases among the teachers participating in the research are insufficient physical activity and a negative family history. A significant risk factor is high consumption of high-fat and meat products such as salami, sausages, pates etc. As a positive result is a high consumption of vegetables and fruits. Smoking and alcohol...
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Information Sources in Health Education of Patients with Civilization Diseases
DRSOVÁ, Lucie
This theses deal with the issue of information resources in health education in patients with civilisational diseases. The information sources play a key role in patient education. This is mainly because the nurse can influence the health literacy of individuals and society due to her educational competence. Currently, there are many forms of information sources, so the nurse can use them to effectively educate, then motivate and pass on information to the patient. The theoretical part describes examples of civilisation diseases, information sources and the principles of patient education that the nurse uses in her profession. The research part is implemented by a quantitative method using a questionnaire, which was anonymously filled out by 93 respondents. Goal of the bachelor's thesis is to determine the ways of using information sources in the education of patients with diseases of civilization, as well as the method they use. The last goal is to determine the theoretical knowledge of nurses to present information sources to patients. This research was carried out at different clinical clinics. The research survey shows that general nurses supplement education with information resources for patients with diseases of civilization. Furthermore, most nurses most often use printed documents in medical facilities as part of information sources. The last result examined that more than half of the nurses pay attention to the principles when supplementing education with information sources. The results of the analysis can serve as a basis for measure and therefore improving the correct use of information resources in the health education of patients with civilisational diseases.
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Diseases of Civilization Prevention by a Lifestyle Modifications
Vinklárková, Monika ; Šatný, Martin (advisor) ; Altschmiedová, Tereza (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the most common diseases of civilization and their prevention by a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this thesis is to map how people aged 18 - 65 follow a healthy lifestyle that leads to the prevention of diseases of civilization. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics and especially the prevention of the most common diseases of civilization, which include arterial hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis with its complications (atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases), or cancer. A healthy lifestyle includes proper nutrition, adequate physical activity, non-smoking, enough sleep and rest, reduced stress and the absence of tobacco and alcohol abuse. The practical part finds out the observance of the principles of a healthy lifestyle by a questionnaire survey. The research was conducted on 122 randomly selected persons without diseases of civilization aged 18 - 65 years. The results of the research show that most respondents do not pay much attention to a healthy lifestyle. Respondents eat a shortage of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, fish and sour dairy products. Their diet often includes white bread, meat and sausages. Furthermore, most respondents have insufficient...
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Healthy Lifestyle of Secondary Schools Youth in Teplice
Fürst, Roman ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis addresses the lifestyle of the high school students in Teplice; in particular their healthy lifestyle. In the theoretical part, basic information about a healthy lifestyle is summarized. At the same time, the lifestyle information is introduced, which relates to healthy diet, eating habits, fluid intake, motion activity and sleep. Furthermore, the determinants harmful to human health are introduced in this part; i.e. alcoholic beverages overconsumption, smoking or excessive mental strain. The practical part is aimed at mapping the major factors of the high school youth's lifestyle in Teplice and to ascertain whether the taught subject focused on health and healthy lifestyle influences the students and their attitude to a healthier lifestyle. I evaluated the questionnaire survey by means of self-made evaluation methods based on the healthy lifestyle principles. The reason was that none of the discovered methods for poll evaluation corresponded with my needs. The results are clearly arranged in the attached tables and demonstrated in the charts. The health based subject taught at school proved to have only a minor impact on the healthy lifestyle of high school students. The appendix includes the sample of the evaluation method created by myself, the questionnaire applied for the...
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Prevention of civilization diseases by the eyes of generation 50+
NOVÁKOVÁ, Anna
Introduction: The diploma thesis deals with the topic of prevention of civilization diseases by the eyes of the generation 50+. The incidence of civilization diseases in the Czech Republic is still on the rise. Therefore, the timely and consistent prevention is essential, especially in the areas of healthy eating, appropriate physical activity, and prevention of stress or risky behaviour. Aim: The aim of this work is to point out the knowledge of generation 50+ in the Hradec Králové Region on the risks and prevention of civilization diseases, the generation's attitude to prevention, how they assess their health condition and how they describe their own lifestyle. Methodology: A qualitative approach using a semi-structured interview was used in the research. The research sample consisted of 24 informants at the age of 51 to 79 years. Of these, 16 were women and 8 men. Results: The results showed that the generation 50+ in the Hradec Králové Region has certain knowledge in the area of prevention. Most informants think that the civilization diseases are specific diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases or diabetes mellitus. In the area of risk factors, the informants predominantly correctly included risk factors for the development of civilization diseases. The most frequently mentioned factors were the lifestyle risk factors, especially diet, physical activity and risky behaviour such as smoking or alcohol. Regarding the area of prevention, most informants think it is important, but not all informants go to regular preventive examinations or preventive screening examinations. The change of opinion on prevention in informants changes with age and after the diagnosis of a disease. Among the informants, the information concerning prevention is most often obtained from doctors, the media or the press and to a lesser extent from general nurses. In the area of health, most informants emphasize the condition of being painless, self-sufficient and mobile. In the area of lifestyle, the research shows that most informants are not interested in a healthy lifestyle very much. However, they try to observe certain principles of a healthy lifestyle, especially in the area of appropriate eating and physical activity. Conclusion: The results indicate areas of prevention about which people should be repeatedly informed and alerted to their importance and possible consequences if they do not observe them. In particular, it is important to place greater emphasis on primary prevention, especially on lifestyle in the form of appropriate diet, physical activity, stress prevention and risky behaviour. Equally important is secondary prevention and preventive examinations and preventive screening examinations, and tertiary prevention, with a focus on eliminating or mitigating the consequences of diseases and improving the quality of life.
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Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition as Prevention of Civilization Diseases
Rudolf, David ; Nová, Monika (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of a healthy lifestyle and nutrition in connection with the prevention of civilization diseases. It describes the causes of these diseases, the risks and possibilities of prevention. It also draws attention to the principles of correct eating habits, the pitfalls of various diets, the consequences of overeating, the danger of overweight and obesity, the negative influence of stress on our health, and ways and principles of healthy weight reduction. It summarizes advices and recommendations of professionals for optimal composition of our diet, a change of lifestyle, and the significance of correct breathing, relaxation, exercise, positive thinking and sleep for health. The practical part contains a description of the case of a woman suffering from overweight and health problems, and an analysis of the causes and manifestations of an unhealthy lifestyle and diet. It provides steps for resolving the situation and a proposal of suitable therapy for reducing stress recommended by an expert. The work further describes a course of treatment and a risk assessment, and also proposes appropriate measures for maintaining an optimal weight in the future, including recommendations of a suitable diet. The thesis points out the problem of growing of overweight and obesity,...
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Flowin and it's use for the health influence
Salanská, Anna ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Mahrová, Andrea (referee)
Topic: Flowin and it's use for the health influence Title: In my work, I will try to achieve the goal of eliminating the current deficit of physical activity, which is the consequence of the current lifestyle of most of our population. Objectives: Furthermore, I would like to point on exercising itself and it's need for human health. With it, we get into another goal which could be new types of physical exercise which might be interesting and motivational for people. At the last, I will be pointing at Flowin and it's uses. Methods: After I have studied the professional literature and from my own experiences I have created my own methods and their uses for all the trainees in their current state of health. Results: I found out that current lifestyle is taking from us the natural physical activity which we have to compensate for new more exciting and motivational type of physical exercises. One of them could be Flowin. I have come to a point that physical activity brings a positive influence on human health mainly because of civilization diseases. Flowin is used for medical purpose, in schools, by athletes and also for the public. In my work, I have developed uses for athletes and the public. Keywords: Lifestyle, Physical activity, civilization diseases, types of physical exercises
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